Help Creating Your Legal Will
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Important: Please enter information into all
fields exactly the way that you want it to
appear in your Will, including capitalizing names and using
punctuation.
Important: Press the Save and Go To Step
3 button at the bottom of this page when you are
finished entering or changing the information on this form. If you dont use the Save and
Go To Step 3 button, anything
that you have entered or changed on this form will not be saved into the
database, and will not appear in your Will.
The fields, First
Name
, Last Name , Address, City,
State, Zip Code , and County or Parish
are all required. You must enter information into
each of these fields for your Will to be complete. If any of these fields are left
without information when you print your Will, your Will will have a blank
space to allow you to enter the information by hand. Remember, if you enter any data into
your Will by hand, initial next to the line where you entered
data.
Married
Select yes if you are married or separated. Select no if you are single,
divorced or widowed. If your marital status changes in the future, such as by getting
married or having your divorce become final, it is important to make a new
will.
If you are married, you
probably should make a will for both you and your spouse. Some wills
allow you to specify both the husband and the wife on a single will, but
this type of will is difficult to maintain after the first spouse
dies. How do you change a will once the probate process has
begun? We feel that it is better for the husband and wife to have
separate, but often almost identical, wills. This is called
reciprocal wills. The husband makes a will that leaves
everything to his wife and the wife makes a will that leaves everything to
her husband.
Spouse Full Name
Enter the full, legal name of the person you are
currently married to or separated from. This name should be capitalized
and punctuated exactly the way that you want it to appear on your
Will. For example, use the name John Q. Doe,
Jr. instead of john doe.
Step 3: Enter Phone Numbers and Email Address
Important: Press the Save and Go To Step
3 button at the bottom of this page when you are
finished entering or changing the information on this form. If you dont use the Save and
Go To Step 3 button, anything
that you have entered or changed on this form will not be saved into the
database, and will not appear in your Will.
All information on this form is optional.
This information will
help Wills.Com contact you, if necessary.
Your Email Address is particularly
useful.
Step 4: Enter the Names of your Children
Overview
Adding the names of your children to your will serves a
few different purposes, mostly related to the probate of your will. It helps to
clarify to the probate court that you
considered the needs of each child that you listed when writing your
will.
A child who is unhappy with the terms of a will is
sometimes able to convince the Probate Court Judge that he or she was
accidentally overlooked when the will was drawn. Listing the names of each of your children allows you to leave as much
or as little to each child, or even to disown a child if that is your wish,
and to make it clear to the Judge that this was not just an
oversight.
Listing the names of your children might also reduce
the urgency of creating a new will when you have a new child by birth or
adoption. Be careful though,
in some states a new child will cause any existing will to be
revoked. In all cases, we
recommend that you update your will as soon as possible after any change
in your family. Still, by listing your children in your
will, it will be clear when probating your will that the needs of the new
child were not considered when writing the will.
For men, there may also be a
question of who your children are or who you consider your children to
be. Listing the names of your children helps to answer this
question.
Important:
Listing the names of your children on your will is optional. If you have children, but dont
want to list their names in your will, press the No More Children Go
To Step 5 button toward the bottom of the
form.
Important:
If you dont have any children yet, but wish to allow for
children you will have in the future by naming their guardian and/or
establishing a Childrens Trust in your will, press the No More
Children Go To Step 5
button.
Childs Name
1.
Enter your childs full, legal name. This name should be capitalized
and punctuated exactly the way that you want it to appear on your
Will. For example, use the
name John Q. Doe, Jr. instead of john doe.
2.
Press the Add This Child button.
3.
Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each
child.
4.
When all of your children appear in the ChildName table, press
the No More Children Go To Step 5 button toward the bottom of the
page.
If you make a mistake
1.
Press the Select Previous Child or Select Next
Child button until the incorrect
entry is highlighted.
2.
Press the Remove Selected Child
button to remove this entry from the table.
3.
Correct by entering the correct information into the Childs
Name field, as described above, and press the Add This Child button.
Step 5 Select
a Guardian for your Minor Children
Important: Please enter information into all
fields exactly the way that you want it to appear in your Will,
including capitalizing names and using punctuation.
Important: Press the Save and Go To Step
3 button at the bottom of this page when you are finished entering or
changing the information on this form. If you dont use the Save and
Go To Step 3 button, anything that you have entered or changed on this form will
not be saved into the database, and will not appear in your
Will.
Overview
If your minor child has another parent when you die, in
most cases the other parent will take care of the child. However, if your child doesnt
have another parent, or both you and the other parent die at the same
time, then someone else will have to take care of your child until he or
she is older. Only a court
can assign a new guardian for your child. However, you can specify whom you
wish to take care of your child (or children) after you die in your
will.
The court will normally appoint the person or persons you select
to be the childs guardian, unless the court finds compelling reasons to
select someone else. In making such a decision, the court is
only interested in the best interests of the child.
You can name one person as the guardian of your
children, or you can name co-guardians, such as a husband and wife. However, if you choose to select
co-guardians, you should
consider the likelihood that the couple will split-up or get divorced in
the future. You might not
want your child involved in such a custody dispute. You
can also name an alternate, in case your selected guardian cannot
serve or is unwilling to serve.
We urge you to carefully consider whom you choose as
guardians for your children.
You might
want to consider many different factors in selecting a guardian, including
(but not limited to):
·
Is the person the right age to care for your child? He or
she must be at least 18 years old in most states, and should not be too
old or unhealthy to care for your children until they are no longer
minors.
·
Will your guardian be able to financially afford to care for
your children? Leaving money in your will to the guardian, or leaving money in a
trust fund that can be used by the guardian for expenses required to care
for the child, might help.
·
Will your guardian be able to provide the emotional support
your child will need? In other words, will the guardian grow
to love and nurture the child, and will the child grow to love and respect
the guardian as a parent?
·
Will the guardian have the time to take care of your
children?
·
Does the guardian share your religious or moral beliefs and
be able to raise your children in a way acceptable to you?
·
Will your children have to move to another place to
be with your guardian, and loose nearby friends at a time when they
need them the most?
·
Will the guardian be willing to take the responsibility to
care for your child?
You can name different people as guardians for
different children. This is
rarely a good idea, and the Wills.Com form does not directly support
generating a will in this way.
If you have children from different marriages, you can still name
whom you wish to serve as guardian, and if some of your children still
have a living parent, the choice of guardian will only apply to those
children who no longer have a living parent. You might want to name your spouse
or ex-spouse as the primary guardian for your children so that your
children will all stay together. You can always name an alternate
guardian in case the primary guardian is unable or unwilling to
serve.
It is also possible to name one person to act as
guardian of your child, and another person to act as guardian of your
childs inheritance, or estate.
The Wills.Com
software does not directly support writing a will in this way, but it does
support establishing a trust for your child to hold all of your childs
inheritance, and naming a Trustee to manage the trust, who can be
different from your childs guardian.
If you want to name different people as guardians for
your different children, which is not directly supported by the Wills.Com
software, you can use Wills.Com to generate your will, and then copy the
produced will and paste it into your word processor. You can then manually change the paragraph of your will that names
your choice of guardian.
Name
Enter the full, legal name of the person or persons you
want to serve as guardian.
This name should be capitalized and punctuated exactly the way that
you want it to appear on your Will.
For example, use the name John Q. Doe, Jr. instead of john
doe. If you choose two
people to act as guardian, for example Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Doe, Jr. or
John and Mary Doe, they will act as co-guardians of your children, both
sharing equally in the guardianship responsibility. If you intend to name
co-guardians, name them together as the Primary Guardian or as the
Alternate Guardian. Do
not name one co-guardian as the Primary Guardian and the other co-guardian
as the Alternate Guardian.
Please see the Overview for more
information about selecting a guardian for your
children.
Step 6 Establish Trust Fund for your
Children
Important: Please enter information into all
fields exactly the way that you want it to appear in your Will,
including capitalizing names and using punctuation.
Important: Press the Save and Go To Step
3 button at the bottom of this page when you are finished entering or
changing the information on this form. If you dont use the Save and
Go To Step 3 button, anything that you have entered or changed on this form will
not be saved into the database, and will not appear in your
Will.
Overview
The trust established by the Wills.Com will is called a
Pot Trust because it is a single trust fund for all of your children
held together in a single Family Pot. This is the most common type of
trust established for children as part of a will. It is also possible to use the Wills.Com
will to setup a separate trust for each child, distributed to each
child when they reach a certain age that you specify.
The strength of the Pot Trust is that it helps provide
for your childrens maintenance and educational needs until they are a
certain age that you specify, typically 21 years old. The disadvantage is that older
children must wait until the youngest child is that age before they are
entitled to receive a cash payment from the trust fund. It is designed this way so that
there is enough money left in the trust fund to provide for the needs of
the youngest child, in particular the youngest childs college
education. If there were
cash disbursements to the older children before that time, then there
might not be enough money in the trust fund to pay for the youngest
childs tuition.
When the youngest child reaches the age of 21 (or
whatever age you specify), the funds remaining in the trust fund are
divided equally among all children.
The age of 21 is most common for this division because this is the
age that nearly all legal entities would consider the child an adult, and
because you would probably expect the child to be in his or her senior
year of college at that point, so college expenses should be paid from the
trust. You might also choose
a different age, for example 18 years old because you dont expect your
children to go to college or you are certain that there will be enough
money in each childs share to pay for his or her own educational expenses
out of the share. You
might think that there won't be enough money in the trust fund to pay for
all of your children's college, and y ou want to make sure that the
funds are distributed equally so that there will be something left for the
youngest child. Or you could pick an older age in order
to give the youngest child more time to complete educational goals while
there are still combined funds in the trust fund.
At the time that the money in the trust
fund is divided into shares, you can choose a portion of the trust fund to be paid
to each child, from 0 percent to 100 percent. If you choose to give less than
100 percent of the trust fund to the children at that time, you can pick
another age to distribute the remaining money in the trust fund. One
reason you might want to do this is to keep from giving all of the
inheritance to a child before he or she is old enough to use the money wisely. Or you might want to divide the
funds into shares at a young age, say 18 (or even 0), giving 0 percent of
the funds in a distribution to the child at that time. Then each
childs share will be used to provide for maintenance or education of that child,
until the child becomes older, at which time he or she will receive
the remaining money in his or her share of the trust.
Example:
John and Mary Doe have two children, Buck, age 8 and Fawn, age
10. They want to setup a Pot
Trust for their children until Buck reaches the age of 22, which should
give him time to finish college.
At that time, they want to divide the trust equally between Buck
and Fawn, and give each of them half of their share. They want the rest of the money to
go to each child when that child reaches 35 years old. In the Wills.Com Establish Trust
Fund for Your Children screen, they enter First Payment Age as 22,
Percentage as 50 and Remainder Payment Age as 35. On Bucks 22nd
birthday, the money left over in the trust is divided into two shares
equally for Buck and Fawn.
Buck receives half of the money in his share and Fawn, who is 24 at
the time, receives half of the money in her share. Then, on Fawns 35th
birthday, she receives the remaining funds in her trust, and finally, on
Bucks 35th
birthday, he receives the remaining funds in his trust, eliminating the
trust.
Example:
Richard and Regina Rich have two children, Richie, age 6 and Rita,
age 2. They are certain that
their estate will be large enough when divided for each child to be
provided for separately. They
choose to have the trust fund divided equally between Richie and Rita when
the trust is created, and to give each child their share when they reach
age 21. In the Wills.Com
Establish Trust Fund for Your Children screen, they enter First Payment
Age as 0, Percentage as 0 and Remainder Payment Age as 21. When Richie reaches age 21, he
receives his trust fund inheritance and when Rita reaches age 21, she
receives her inheritance. In the
meantime, money is drawn from each of their respective trusts to provide
for their needs and education.
Selecting a Trustee
The other big question is who should you select to
serve as your trustee. Also,
unless your trustee is an institutional trustee, such as a bank or a trust
company, you will need to select an alternate trustee. In general, the trustee you
select should have a similar investment strategy to yours. If you wish, you can leave
instructions for the trustee describing how to invest the money and how to
choose what childs expenses you want paid for out of the trust. Even with these instructions, the
trustee will make many decisions about how to manage the trust, so you
should select someone who you, and your children, will feel comfortable
with.
Sometimes families will select an oldest child to act
as trustee. If the selected
trustee is also a beneficiary of the trust, it might be difficult for him
or her to be completely impartial when deciding what expenses should be
paid for out of the trust.
This can also be an issue if you choose your childs guardian as
trustee. Also, just
because a child has done well for himself or herself, doesn't mean that he
or she can effectively manage the trust. Someone who has done a good job managing his or her own money
might not be able to effectively manage someone elses.
A bank or trust company will always charge a fee for
managing the trust. This fee
will be specified as a percentage (sometimes less than 1%), but will be
subject to a minimum fee, which is often between $1,000 and $4000. A trust that needs to be managed
on a daily basis will be charged a higher fee than one that needs only
occasional review. Since a
Pot Trust receives all of its money as a lump sum at the beginning of the
trust, the fees should be toward the lower end of the range. Usually a trust amount of $100,000
is sufficient to sustain such a trust, keeping the management fees at 2%
or less. We recommend
speaking with a trust officer before selecting an institutional trustee,
to make sure you understand how the funds will be managed, and how much
fees will be charged. It is
easy to come back to Wills.Com and change the trustee selection. For 30 days after you purchase your
will from Wills.Com, such changes are free.
Name
Enter the trustees full, legal name. This name should be capitalized
and punctuated exactly the way that you want it to appear on your
Will. For example, use the
name John Q. Doe, Jr. instead of john doe. Please see Overview for
details that describe the trust and Selecting a Trustee
for some tips on selecting a
trustee.
Step 7: Select an Executor or Personal
Representative
Overview
The executor is the person who will carry out your
wishes as described in your will.
This includes payment of debts and taxes, distribution of bequests
of tangible property (see Bequests), and distribution of the remainder of
your property (see Residuary).
If you are married, normally you will select your spouse to act as
your executor, but you will also want to specify an alternate executor in
case your spouse dies when you do.
The person you select as executor cannot be a minor, must be a US
citizen, and cannot be a convicted felon. The executor can live in another state, but before selecting an
out-of-state executor, you should consider the costs of travel to attend
probate hearings and the possible need for a non-resident executors bond
or in-state executors representative.
The person you choose as your executor does not have to
be a financial or legal expert, but you need to be able to trust the
person completely to handle your financial and personal affairs after you
are gone. In law, this is
called fiduciary duty, which is the duty to act primarily for the
benefit of another. Fiduciary
duty requires that the executor uses highest degree of good faith in
dealing with the estate. The
person you choose should be honest and possess the organizational skills
needed to handle the details of the estate. If the executor needs legal help,
he or she will (and in some states must) hire a lawyer. But be sure that the person who
you select is willing to do the job.
Discuss the responsibility with the person you choose as
executor. It is easy to come
back to Wills.Com and change the executor selection in the future. For 30 days after you purchase your will from Wills.Com, such
changes are free.
Name
Enter the executors full, legal name. This name should be capitalized
and punctuated exactly the way that you want it to appear on your
Will. For example, use the
name John Q. Doe, Jr. instead of john doe. Please see Overview for some tips on
selecting an executor.
Step 8: Decide Who Receives Your Assets.
Specific Bequests.
Overview
The assets in your estate will be first use to pay your
debts, taxes, and funeral expenses.
Anything left
over is yours to distribute through specific bequests and through your
residuary estate.
Your specific bequests is a list of assets that you
wish to leave to people, usually people who you do not want to receive a
share of your residuary estate.
Any assets not listed as specific bequests will be distributed to
your heirs as part of your residuary estate, specified later. Here are some examples of ways to use
specific bequests:
·
Leave your pets to someone, along with enough money to help
them care for your pets for the rest of your pets lives.
·
Give your house directly to your spouse, because the
remainder of your estate is divided between your spouse and your
childrens trust.
·
Give specific property away, so that it wont be sold by
your executor for equal distribution to your heirs. My wedding ring to
my daughter, Molly Doe.
·
If you are married, you can get the maximum estate tax
deduction by giving the maximum exemption amount to your children, and
leaving the rest (the residuary) to your spouse. The maximum exemption
amount for the year 2002 is $1,000,000. Cash in the amount of the
maximum federal estate-tax exemption to my daughters, Molly and
Fawn Doe, and my son, Buck Doe, in equal shares.
Credit Shelter Trust
If you
are married and your estate is larger than the federal estate-tax
exemption ($1,000,000 in 2002), you will probably want to minimize the
estate-tax owed by leaving some money or other assets to your children or
other heirs. If you left your entire estate to your spouse, estate
tax will not be owed when you die, but when your spouse dies, your
spouse's estate will only be able to claim a single exemption, any amount
that exceeds that exemption will be taxed. For example, let's say
that John and Jane Doe together have an estate worth $2,000,000. If
John dies in 2002 and leaves his share of the estate to his wife, then no
estate tax will be due at that time. Then if Jane dies in 2003 and
leaves the entire estate, still worth $2,000,000 to their children, they will only be
able to claim a single exemption of $1,000,000. $1,000,000 of the estate will be
taxable, and the estate tax owed on that amount will be $435,000. On the other
hand, if John had left $1,000,000 to their children, it would have been fully exempt,
since the estate-tax exemption in 2002 was $1,000,000. When Jane dies the next
year, her estate will be worth $1,000,000, which will also be fully exempt,
so no estate tax will be owed and the children
will get the full inheritance.
Most surviving spouses need
the income from the funds left to the children. The way to do this
is to place the funds in a Credit Shelter Trust, with the income from the
trust to be paid to the surviving spouse, and the funds from the Trust to
be given to the heirs upon the death of the surviving spouse. This
can be as simple as specifying this as a special bequest, Cash in
the amount of the maximum federal estate-tax exemption to my Credit
Shelter Trust, Jane Doe, trustee. In the example above, if John
dies in 2002, Jane will put $1,000,000 into an Irrevocable Credit Shelter
Trust. She will still be able to decide how to invest the money, and
will still be able to use any income generated by the trust to pay for her
own living expenses.
Bequest, Beneficiary and Alternate
1.
Bequest - Enter the name of the asset you are
giving. Be specific and
unambiguous. It is better to
use My house at 123 Main Street, Pleasanttown, FL instead of My
house. You should capitalize the first word in the name of the asset,
because it is used as the beginning of a sentence in your will.
2.
Beneficiary - Enter the name of the person you wish to
give this gift to. Be
specific and unambiguous. It
is better to use Molly Doe, my daughter instead of Molly
Doe.
3.
Alternate (optional) Enter the name of the person you
wish to give this bequest to if the named Beneficiary is no longer living,
or refuses to receive this gift.
4.
Press the Add This Bequest button.
5.
Repeat steps 1 through 4 for each
bequest.
6.
When all of your gifts appear in the
Bequest/Beneficiary/Alternate table, press the No More Bequests Go To
Step 9 button toward the bottom of the page.
If you make a mistake
1.
Press the Select Previous Bequest or Select Next
Bequest button until the
incorrect entry is highlighted.
2.
Press the Remove Selected Bequest
button to remove this entry from the table.
3.
Correct by entering the correct information into the
Bequest, Beneficiary, and Alternate fields, as
described above, and press the Add This Bequest button.
Step 9: Decide Who Receives Your Assets.
Residuary.
Overview
The residuary is whatever is left in your Estate
after debts and obligations are paid, and after specific bequests from
step 5 are given out. Name who receives the residuary, and what
percentage of the residuary they are to receive.
You can use
names such as "my spouse" or "my children", as long as those names are
unambiguous, but it is often best to name your beneficiaries by
name.
If you do not include any percentage
numbers, a clause will be added that states that each person who receives
the residuary will receive it in equal shares.
The Alternate is who gets
this percentage if the Beneficiary does not survive
you.
Beneficiary, Percentage and Alternate
1.
Beneficiary - Enter the name of the person you wish to
give this gift to. Be
specific and unambiguous. It
is better to use Molly Doe, my daughter instead of Molly
Doe.
2.
Percentage - Enter the percentage of your residuary
estate that you wish to give to this beneficiary.
3.
Alternate (optional) Enter the name of the person you
wish to give this percentage to if the named Beneficiary is no longer
living, or refuses to receive this gift.
4.
Press the Add This Bequest
button.
5.
Repeat steps 1 through 4 for each
bequest.
6.
When all of your gifts appear in the
Bequest/Beneficiary/Alternate table, press the No More Bequests Go To
Step 9 button toward the bottom of the page.
If you make a mistake
1.
Press the Select Previous Beneficiary or Select Next
Beneficiary button until
the incorrect entry is highlighted.
2.
Press the Remove Selected Beneficiary
button to remove this entry from the table.
3.
Correct by entering the correct information into the
Beneficiary, Percentage, and Alternate fields,
as described above, and press the Add This Beneficiary
button.
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